To see the study designs for references 2, 3, 4, and 10 below, please see the  Study Designs page.

1. Data on file, MSD.

2. Bone HG, Hosking D, Devogelaer J-P, et al. Ten years' experience with alendronate for the treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.
N Engl J Med 2004;350:1189–1199.

3. Black DM, Thompson DE, Bauer DC et al, for the FIT Research Group. Fracture risk reduction with alendronate in women with osteoporosis: The Fracture Intervention Trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85(11):4118- 4124.

4. Cranney A, Guyatt G, Griffith L et al. IX. Summary of meta-analyses of therapies for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Endocr Rev 2002;23(4):570- 578.

5. Meunier PJ, Confavreux E, Tupinon I et al. Prevention of early postmenopausal bone loss with cyclical etidronate therapy (a double-blind, placebo-controlled study and 1-year follow-up). J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997;82(9):2784-2791.

6. Lees B, Garland SW, Walton C et al. Role of oral pamidronate in preventing bone loss in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int 1996;6(6):480-485.

7. Thiébaud D, Burckhardt P, Kriegbaum H et al. Three monthly intravenous injections of ibandronate in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Am J Med 1997;103(4):298-307.

8. Actonel^® [prescribing information]. Cincinnati, Ohio: Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals; May 2002.

9. Reid IR, Brown JP, Burckhardt P et al. Intravenous zolendronic acid in postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density. N Engl J Med 2002;346(9):653-661.

10. Levis S, Quandt SA, Thompson D et al, for the FIT Research Group. Alendronate reduces the risk of multiple symptomatic fractures: Results from the Fracture Intervention Trial. J Am Geriatr Soc 2002;50(3):409-415.